磁盘管理之管理分区
管理分区
列出块设备
lsblk
创建分区使用：
fdisk 创建MBR分区
gdisk 创建GPT分区
parted 高级分区操作
partprobe－重新设置内存中的内核分区表版本
一查看分区
1查看内存上的分区
看到数字出现了就说明是硬盘已经分区并且生效了，生效就是保存在内存里了。
分区表在两个地方有，磁盘和内存。下面的命令查看到的内容是来自内存。
只有内存里面保存了内存才可以对硬盘的数据处理，而如果只是放到硬盘上就无法处理了。
磁盘包括硬盘，是树林和树的关系。
法1
[[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd [[email protected] ~]# ll /dev/sd* brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 23 22:50 /dev/sda brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 23 22:51 /dev/sda1 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 Jan 23 22:51 /dev/sda2 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 3 Jan 23 22:51 /dev/sda3 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 4 Jan 23 22:50 /dev/sda4 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 5 Jan 23 22:50 /dev/sda5 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Jan 23 23:27 /dev/sdb brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Jan 23 23:00 /dev/sdc brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 48 Jan 23 23:00 /dev/sdd
法2：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 209715200 sda 8 1 1048576 sda1 8 2 51200000 sda2 8 3 20480000 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 2097152 sda5 8 16 104857600 sdb 8 32 83886080 sdc 8 48 62914560 sdd
法3：
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
注意
上面的3种方法显示的内容都是一样，因为都是来自内存的分区表。
对磁盘上的文件进行修改都是先读取到内存中，在内存里面修改
当使用vim编辑器时修改文件就要w才可以保存在磁盘上。
dd命令是直接在磁盘上把数据修改了，所以内存分区表和磁盘分区表有可能就不同步了。
2查看磁盘上的分区
以第1块硬盘为例：
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders从这里就可以看出是CSH结构，也就是使用了MBR分区类型，这是默认的。
表示255个虚拟磁头，63个扇区/磁道，26108个柱面。
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 一个柱面的大小
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 一个扇区的字节数
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 每次读写的字节数
Device表示硬盘上面的分区，可以看到有5个分区。
*表示此分区为启动分区，Start 表示开始的柱面， End表示结束的柱面
Blocks表示块数量， Id表示分区类型ID，System表示分区类型
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdd: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
这是克隆了sda的分区表，512字节无法克隆数据。
硬盘没有分区就没有分区类型
二分区工具parted的使用
parted是一个磁盘分区和分区大小调整程序。
它允许你创建，销毁，调整大小，移动和复制ext2、linux-swap、FAT、FAT32和reiserfs分区。
它可以创建，调整大小，并移动Macintosh HFS parti-以及检测jfs、ntfs、ufs和xfs分区。它有助于为新操作创建空间系统，重新组织磁盘使用，并将数据复制到新的硬盘。
注意parted的操作都是实时生效的，小心使用
用法：parted [选项]... [设备 [命令 [参数]...]...]
parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt|msdos
parted /dev/sdb print
parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1 200 （默认M）
parted /dev/sdb rm 1
parted -l
1显示帮助
注意是交互式的，输入help显示了帮助内容
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) help align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
2创建分区表，定义分区类型
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt|msdos
msdos就是MBR分区。
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdc mklabel msdos Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdc print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 85.9GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
注意
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').
警告:不推荐dos兼容模式。强烈推荐
关闭模式(命令“c”)并将显示单元更改为扇区(命令“u”)。
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009eebb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
在sdb硬盘上定义GPT分区类型
注意GPT分区和MBR是不能兼容的，也不能转换。
[[email protected] ~]# parted mklabel /dev/sdb gpt Error: Could not stat device mklabel - No such file or directory. Retry/Cancel? c [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
出现警告，因为fdisk只支持对小于2TB的磁盘进行分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
警告:在'/dev/sdb'上检测到GPT (GUID分区表)!util fdisk不支持GPT。使用GNU Parted。
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 13055 104857599+ ee GPT
在sdc上就没有警报，因为使用MBR分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc -l Disk /dev/sdc: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00088833 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
在sdb上创建分区，分区大小为1000M
在前面已经指定为GPT分区类型了
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1 1000 Warning: You requested a partition from 1000kB to 1000MB. The closest location we can manage is 1000MB to 1000MB.
我们能管理的最近的位置是1000MB到1000MB。 Is this still acceptable to you? Yes/No? yes Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel? ^C Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
创建了分区之后就同步到内存的分区表里面了
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1 1000 Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 953M 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
创建的不合适，可以删除
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary
rm partition——Delete partition.
parted /dev/sdb rm 1 其中1代表分区的序号
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb rm 1 Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
注意如果要使用fdisk查看或者创建MBR分区，在使用parted删除了分区之后要重新指定类型
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb rm 1 Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): ^C [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel msdos Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue? Yes/No? y Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000c381a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
内存也把分区删除了
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
三分区工具gdisk的使用
类fdisk 的GPT分区工具
使用gdisk对分区进行管理
1显示帮助
和parted一样是交互式的
报警，是因为刚才设置成了MBR分区类型
[[email protected] ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format! ***************************************************************
发现无效的GPT和有效的MBR;将MBR转换为GPT格式
在内存中。这个操作具有潜在的破坏性!
如果不希望转换MBR分区，请键入“q”GPT格式!
Command (? for help): ? b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu
2打印分区表
p print the partition table
现在没有分区
Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 209715200 sectors, 100.0 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): CCCA39F5-8CD6-4F25-B42E-277BF4956DF3 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 209715166 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 209715133 sectors (100.0 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
使用parted创建分区，分区类型为GPT
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue? Yes/No? y Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1 1000 Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary
[[email protected] ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 209715200 sectors, 100.0 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 957106F8-950F-49F1-BE76-4E637A2A3567 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 209715166 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 207763389 sectors (99.1 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 1953791 953.0 MiB 0700 primary
sda是MBR类型的也会显示，但是会警告
[[email protected] ~]# gdisk /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format! ***************************************************************
Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 419430400 sectors, 200.0 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): E742544D-FD2C-467B-808B-1F34B879B5BC Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 419430366 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 269778877 sectors (128.6 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 2099199 1024.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem 2 2099200 104499199 48.8 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem 3 104499200 145459199 19.5 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem 5 145463296 149657599 2.0 GiB 8200 Linux swap
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
3使用gdisk创建分区
在sdb上创建新分区
n add a new partition
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2): 3
First sector (34-209715166, default = 1953792) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
会显示默认要创建的分区，default 2
比如已经创建了第1个分区，那么就会显示默认创建第2个分区，也可以自定义。
First sector (34-209715166, default = 1953792) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 这个表示开始的扇区
显示扇区的位置，和前面的分区有关，默认是从前1个分区的下1个扇划分 default = 1953792。
创建分区的开始扇区也可以使用括号里面的扇区，从34开始，但是最多只能到2047，因为第1个分区的扇区是从2048开始的。
Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 209715200 sectors, 100.0 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): B9D45D7D-405D-4EC1-BE1D-DC9CA5406FD0 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 209715166 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 207763389 sectors (99.1 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 1953791 953.0 MiB 0700 primary
使用默认的直接回车即可，接着就显示结束扇区
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2): 3
First sector (34-209715166, default = 1953792) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (1953792-209715166, default = 209715166) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
209715166表示结束扇区的最大范围，也就把所有的空间都分光了。
Last sector (1953792-209715166, default = 209715166) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
这个最好不要选择默认，因为默认是以扇区为单位的，所以直接指定分区的空间大小会更方便，不过要写上数据存储单位。
+1G表示的是从前一个分区的最后一个扇区开始增加1G大小的分区。
-表示往前面的扇区划分，因为被其他分区占用分不了，+表示往后面的扇区划分。
下面显示的是标签，提醒一下是做什么的。
回车就是选择默认
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2): 3
First sector (34-209715166, default = 1953792) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (1953792-209715166, default = 209715166) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +G
Last sector (1953792-209715166, default = 209715166) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +1G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): L
0700 Microsoft basic data 0c01 Microsoft reserved 2700 Windows RE
3000 ONIE boot 3001 ONIE config 4100 PowerPC PReP boot
4200 Windows LDM data 4201 Windows LDM metadata 7501 IBM GPFS
7f00 ChromeOS kernel 7f01 ChromeOS root 7f02 ChromeOS reserved
8200 Linux swap 8300 Linux filesystem 8301 Linux reserved
8302 Linux /home 8400 Intel Rapid Start 8e00 Linux LVM
a500 FreeBSD disklabel a501 FreeBSD boot a502 FreeBSD swap
a503 FreeBSD UFS a504 FreeBSD ZFS a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAID
a580 Midnight BSD data a581 Midnight BSD boot a582 Midnight BSD swap
a583 Midnight BSD UFS a584 Midnight BSD ZFS a585 Midnight BSD Vinum
a800 Apple UFS a901 NetBSD swap a902 NetBSD FFS
a903 NetBSD LFS a904 NetBSD concatenated a905 NetBSD encrypted
a906 NetBSD RAID ab00 Apple boot af00 Apple HFS/HFS+
af01 Apple RAID af02 Apple RAID offline af03 Apple label
af04 AppleTV recovery af05 Apple Core Storage be00 Solaris boot
bf00 Solaris root bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z bf02 Solaris swap
bf03 Solaris backup bf04 Solaris /var bf05 Solaris /home
bf06 Solaris alternate se bf07 Solaris Reserved 1 bf08 Solaris Reserved 2
bf09 Solaris Reserved 3 bf0a Solaris Reserved 4 bf0b Solaris Reserved 5
c001 HP-UX data c002 HP-UX service ea00 Freedesktop $BOOT
eb00 Haiku BFS ed00 Sony system partitio ed01 Lenovo system partit
Press the <Enter> key to see more codes: ef00 EFI System ef01 MBR partition scheme ef02 BIOS boot partition fb00 VMWare VMFS fb01 VMWare reserved fc00 VMWare kcore crash p fd00 Linux RAID Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 209715200 sectors, 100.0 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): B9D45D7D-405D-4EC1-BE1D-DC9CA5406FD0 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 209715166 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 205666237 sectors (98.1 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 1953791 953.0 MiB 0700 primary 3 1953792 4050943 1024.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem
4存盘退出
注意不论是删除和增加都要存盘才会使结果生效
Command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb. The operation has completed successfully. [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 953M 0 part └─sdb3 8:19 0 1G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
5删除分区
Command (? for help): d Partition number (1-3): 3 Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 209715200 sectors, 100.0 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): B9D45D7D-405D-4EC1-BE1D-DC9CA5406FD0 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 209715166 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 207763389 sectors (99.1 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 1953791 953.0 MiB 0700 primary
6查看高级选项
高级选项
Command (? for help): x Expert command (? for help): ? a set attributes c change partition GUID d display the sector alignment value e relocate backup data structures to the end of the disk g change disk GUID h recompute CHS values in protective/hybrid MBR i show detailed information on a partition l set the sector alignment value m return to main menu n create a new protective MBR o print protective MBR data p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s resize partition table t transpose two partition table entries u replicate partition table on new device v verify disk w write table to disk and exit z zap (destroy) GPT data structures and exit ? print this menu
选择存盘退出
Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 209715200 sectors, 100.0 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 957106F8-950F-49F1-BE76-4E637A2A3567 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 209715166 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 205666237 sectors (98.1 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 1953791 953.0 MiB 0700 primary 3 1953792 4050943 1024.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem Command (? for help): d Partition number (1-3): 3 Command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb. The operation has completed successfully. [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 953M 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary
四分区工具fdisk的使用
fdisk的子命令，和sed一样，也是有子命令的
1查看帮助
显示报警是因为之前使用的是GPT分区类型
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
修改分区表类型，修改成fdisk支持的MBR
即使把分区删除了，分区结构或者分区表类型还是之前的GPT或者MBR。
要想修改原来的分区表类型可以使用mklabel，这样之前的分区类型就会被替换了。
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel msdos Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue? Yes/No? y Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
现在转换成了MBR，原来的GPT类型也没有了
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006ff87 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb -l Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
2查看分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
DOS-compatible mode表示的是以柱面为单位划分分区，可以修改成以扇区为单位
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
3关闭dos兼容模式
下面显示的是以柱面为单位的。
不在柱面的边界会出现报警Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
如果不想看到报警信息加上c，也就关闭了dos兼容模式
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -c WARNING: cylinders as display units are deprecated. Use command 'u' to change units to sectors. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb -c WARNING: cylinders as display units are deprecated. Use command 'u' to change units to sectors. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006ff87 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
4在6上修改分区单位
修改成了扇区单位
不想看到报警信息加上c，关闭了dos兼容模式，而且以扇区为单位划分的就加上u，两个选项可以合并写
Blocks是以k为单位
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -cu Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders, total 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 104499199 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 104499200 145459199 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 145459200 419430399 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 145463296 149657599 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
通过柱面的数量计算出分区的大小，比如sda1的大小131柱面x8M就是1G
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
5在7版本修改分区单位
划分分区是以柱面还是扇区看个人习惯，扇区是最小单位，感觉细了些。
在7里面fdisk默认就是以扇区的方式
在虚拟机72上添加硬盘
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt
如果硬盘没有显示就只能重启服务了
[[email protected] ~]# echo '- - -' > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt [[email protected] ~]# Connection closed by foreign host. Disconnected from remote host(192.168.137.72:22) at 17:24:51. Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt. [c:\~]$ ssh 192.168.137.72 Connecting to 192.168.137.72:22... Connection established. To escape to local shell, press Ctrl+Alt+]. WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request. Last login: Thu Feb 21 17:22:43 2019 from 192.168.137.34 [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt
在7上只显示扇区，相当于默认就加上了cu选项
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc4a044a6. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes只显示扇区 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xc4a044a6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
在6上不仅显示扇区还显示柱面，磁头
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
可以修改成以柱面为单位
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk --help fdisk: invalid option -- '-' Usage: fdisk [options] <disk> change partition table fdisk [options] -l <disk> list partition table(s) fdisk -s <partition> give partition size(s) in blocks Options: -b <size> sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096) -c[=<mode>] compatible mode: 'dos' or 'nondos' (default) -h print this help text -u[=<unit>] display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default) -v print program version -C <number> specify the number of cylinders -H <number> specify the number of heads -S <number> specify the number of sectors per track
现在转换成了以柱面为单位了
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -u=cylinders WARNING: cylinders as display units are deprecated. Use command 'u' to change units to sectors. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000c7076 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 131 6658 52428800 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6658 9269 20971520 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9269 26109 135265280 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9269 9530 2097152 82 Linux swap / S
注意选项只要不是加在命令前面就有效
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -u=cylinders /dev/sda WARNING: cylinders as display units are deprecated. Use command 'u' to change units to sectors. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000c7076 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 131 6658 52428800 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6658 9269 20971520 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9269 26109 135265280 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9269 9530 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
和6是一样的
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -c WARNING: cylinders as display units are deprecated. Use command 'u' to change units to sectors. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
6在6版本的硬盘上创建分区
在6版本的sda硬盘上创建分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris Command (m for help): n First cylinder (9316-26109, default 9316):
9316属于扩展分区的一部分，扩展分区的范围是9055-26109，所以9316之后的内容是在扩展分区里面。
注意4个分区已经分出来了，最后一个是扩展分区。要创建新分区只能在这4个分区里面分。
可以跳过9316，从1000开始，那么9316-10000之间的柱面是闲置的。
接着是柱面的结束位置，默认到最后，如果觉得空间大了，可以指定大小，可以以柱面为单位，直接写上20000，就表示分区是从10000到20000.
因为一个柱面是8M，10000个柱面就是80000M，也就是80G。
更方便的写法就是数字+存储单位。+size{K,M,G}
设置分区是1G，那么直接写上+1G即可
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris Command (m for help): n First cylinder (9316-26109, default 9316): 10000 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (10000-26109, default 26109): +1G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 10000 10131 1060290 83 Linux
划分了131个柱面
为什么在上面划分分区时不会询问选择什么样的分区类型，是主分区还是扩展分区逻辑分区呢？
因为4个分区已经分完了，所以逼上梁山没有选择只能分逻辑分区。
继续在硬盘上划分分区
选择默认的9316
(9316-9999, default 9999)表示结束的柱面是9999，分区大小就是683个柱面的大小，也就是5464M，差不多5G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 10000 10131 1060290 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (9316-26109, default 9316):
Using default value 9316
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (9316-9999, default 9999): +10G
Value out of range.因为分区最大空间是5G左右。
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (9316-9999, default 9999):
接受默认的，那么就只能划分出5G左右的分区了。对此不满就把此分区删除重新创建
注意夹缝问题，也就是上面出现空间不足的问题。起始值和结束值要好好观察，三思而后行。
分区一旦分好了就不能改变大小了，除非删除重新创建。
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 10000 10131 1060290 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 9316 9999 5488104+ 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-7): 7
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (9316-26109, default 9316): 10132
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (10132-26109, default 26109): +10G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 10000 10131 1060290 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 10132 11437 10490413+ 83 Linux
把第6分区删除了，那么第7分区就变成6了
说明了分区的设备标识是不稳定的
这样就会在磁盘上涉及到分区配置文件的修改产生问题。
删除了分区设备名就变了。
创建完文件系统之后有生成UUID，是唯一稳定不变的。
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 10000 10131 1060290 83 Linux /dev/sda7 10132 11437 10490413+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-7): 6 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 10132 11437 10490413+ 83 Linux
把第6分区删除了，继续创建分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 10132 11437 10490413+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-6): 6
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (9316-26109, default 9316):
Using default value 9316
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (9316-26109, default 26109): +10G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 9316 10621 10484351 83 Linux
再创建分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 9316 10621 10484351 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (10622-26109, default 10622):
Using default value 10622
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (10622-26109, default 26109): +6G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 9316 10621 10484351 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 10622 11405 6297448+ 83 Linux
7在6版本上存盘
存盘。
出现了报错，重读分区表失败了，也就是从磁盘同步到内存里时失败了。
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 9316 10621 10484351 83 Linux /dev/sda7 10622 11405 6297448+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
查看磁盘和内存的分区
查看磁盘的分区表只有1种方法：
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -l Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 9316 10621 10484351 83 Linux /dev/sda7 10622 11405 6297448+ 83 Linux
下面的查看内存分区表的3种方法：
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 209715200 sda 8 1 1048576 sda1 8 2 51200000 sda2 8 3 20480000 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 2097152 sda5 8 16 104857600 sdb 8 32 83886080 sdc 8 48 62914560 sdd
查看硬盘设备名称： [[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/sda* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda5
五在不同版本上同步分区表
注意在不同版本上是不同的。
查看内核是否已经识别新的分区：
cat /proc/partations
centos6通知内核重新读取硬盘分区表
新增分区用
partx -a /dev/DEVICE
kpartx -a /dev/DEVICE -f: force
删除分区用
partx -d --nr M-N /dev/DEVICE
CentOS 5，7: 使用partprobe
partprobe [/dev/DEVICE]
1在6版本上同步增加的分区表
通过上面查看磁盘和内存的分区不同步，这样就无法管理新创建的分区了。
注意在生产中虽然重启服务可以实现同步，但是机器启动是很慢的，这样就会给企业或公司带来很大的损失。
要实现同步可以使用partprobe，但是在6上不生效，适合5和7版本。
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot. Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Invalid partition table - recursive partition on /dev/sr0. [[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/sda* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda5 [[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 209715200 sda 8 1 1048576 sda1 8 2 51200000 sda2 8 3 20480000 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 2097152 sda5 8 16 104857600 sdb 8 32 83886080 sdc 8 48 62914560 sdd
在6上同步就比较麻烦，要先考虑是增加分区还是删除分区造成不同步的
如果是增加就使用partx -a
[[email protected] ~]# partx -a /dev/sda BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 2 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 3 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 4 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 5 [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda6 8:6 0 10G 0 part └─sda7 8:7 0 6G 0 part sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
2在6版本上同步删除的分区表
删除刚才创建的分区。
在6上如果是因为删除分区造成不同步就使用partx -d --nr M-N /dev/DEVICE
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 9316 10621 10484351 83 Linux /dev/sda7 10622 11405 6297448+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-7): 7 Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-6): 6 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda6 8:6 0 10G 0 part └─sda7 8:7 0 6G 0 part sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -l Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
删除分区用partx -d --nr M-N /dev/DEVICE
也可以一个个同步partx -d --nr M /dev/DEVICE
[[email protected] ~]# partx -d --nr 6-7 /dev/sda [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda -l Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
3在7版本上同步分区表
在7上创建新的分区并且实现同步
First sector (153098240-419430399, default 153098240):
为什么默认从153098240 开始进行分区，而不是153096191？
因为之间的空间存储了分区的一些信息，比如MBR，EBR
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000c7076 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 106956799 52428800 83 Linux /dev/sda3 106956800 148899839 20971520 83 Linux /dev/sda4 148899840 419430399 135265280 5 Extended /dev/sda5 148901888 153096191 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris Command (m for help): n All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 6 First sector (153098240-419430399, default 153098240):
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c7076
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 106956799 52428800 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 106956800 148899839 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 148899840 419430399 135265280 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 148901888 153096191 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (153098240-419430399, default 153098240):
Using default value 153098240
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (153098240-419430399, default 419430399): +10G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c7076
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 106956799 52428800 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 106956800 148899839 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 148899840 419430399 135265280 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 148901888 153096191 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 153098240 174069759 10485760 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 7
First sector (174071808-419430399, default 174071808):
Using default value 174071808
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (174071808-419430399, default 419430399): +6G
Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 6 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c7076
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 106956799 52428800 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 106956800 148899839 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 148899840 419430399 135265280 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 148901888 153096191 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 153098240 174069759 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 174071808 186654719 6291456 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w注意使用w并不能够实现磁盘和内存分区的同步
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt
partprobe 实现同步了
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt [[email protected] ~]# partprobe Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 512B 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda6 8:6 0 10G 0 part └─sda7 8:7 0 6G 0 part sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt
把分区删除了
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 512B 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda6 8:6 0 10G 0 part └─sda7 8:7 0 6G 0 part sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000c7076 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 106956799 52428800 83 Linux /dev/sda3 106956800 148899839 20971520 83 Linux /dev/sda4 148899840 419430399 135265280 5 Extended /dev/sda5 148901888 153096191 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 153098240 174069759 10485760 83 Linux /dev/sda7 174071808 186654719 6291456 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-7, default 7): 7 Partition 7 is deleted Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-6, default 6): 6 Partition 6 is deleted Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# partprobe Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 20G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 512B 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /mnt
六直接存盘立即生效的情况
如果是新的硬盘就不存在分区问题
注意如果是一台主机的第1块硬盘必须要有一个主分区，但是对于第2块硬盘就不需要了，主分区可有可无。
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)
创建扩展分区，并且编号是1，因为扩展分区里面还要分很多的小的逻辑分区，所以扩展分区的空间是比较大的，
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-13054, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-13054, default 13054): +50G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6528 52436128+ 5 Extended Command (m for help):
现在出现了逻辑分区，因为之前创建了扩展分区。出现逻辑分区的必要条件是已经创建了扩展分区。
创建逻辑分区，只能是在扩展分区的范围里面分。
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-13054, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-13054, default 13054): +50G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 6528 52436128+ 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1-6528, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6528, default 6528): +10G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 6528 52436128+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 83 Linux
创建主分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 6528 52436128+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (6529-13054, default 6529):
Using default value 6529
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (6529-13054, default 13054): +5G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 6528 52436128+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb2 6529 7182 5253255 83 Linux
/dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #注意此时是在干净的硬盘上创建分区，所以w可以同步成功，旧的硬盘因为已经有分区就会同步失败。
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part
└─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
七使用shell脚本批量创建分区
通过写脚本批量创建分区，就要分析前面创建分区的步骤。注意硬盘要求是还未分区的
使用脚本创建分区的情况在生产里面用的不多。
第1步：输入n并且要回车，写到命令行n\n
第2步：输入p并且要回车，写到命令行p\n
第2步：输入1并且要回车，写到命令行1\n
第3步：直接回车接收默认值，写到命令行1\n
第4步：+10G并且回车，写到命令行+10G\n
第5步：输入w并且回车，写到命令行w\n
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part └─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk [[email protected] ~]# echo -e 'n\np\n1\n\n+10G\nw\n' | fdisk /dev/sdc WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) Partition number (1-4): First cylinder (1-10443, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-10443, default 10443): Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part └─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk └─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
上面使用了标准输入重定向，fdisk接收键盘输入
还可以多行重定向
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc <<EOF > n > p > 2 > > +6G > w > EOF WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) Partition number (1-4): First cylinder (1307-10443, default 1307): Using default value 1307 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-10443, default 10443): Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part └─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part └─sdc2 8:34 0 6G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
对于旧硬盘就要在脚本后面加上partx -a /dev/sdc或者partprobe /dev/sdc
注意要学会总结，遇到交互式命令比如fdisk是可以接收键盘输入的的，那么就可以使用到重定向甚至多行重定向，并且写入到脚本里面。
因为不同步，返回值是1
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part └─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part └─sdc2 8:34 0 6G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000c75a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6505 9055 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 9055 26109 136985600 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9055 9316 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris Command (m for help): n First cylinder (9316-26109, default 9316): Using default value 9316 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (9316-26109, default 26109): +1G Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# echo $? 1 [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part └─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part └─sdc2 8:34 0 6G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk
如果写脚本就可以判断是否同步
如果返回值不是0就要在后面加上同步的操作。
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part └─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part └─sdc2 8:34 0 6G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk [[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d8fb4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 6528 52436128+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb2 6529 7182 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 3 First cylinder (7183-13054, default 7183): Using default value 7183 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (7183-13054, default 13054): +2G Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# echo $? 0 [[email protected] ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /mnt sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 48.8G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /app ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part ├─sdb3 8:19 0 2G 0 part └─sdb5 8:21 0 10G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 80G 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 10G 0 part └─sdc2 8:34 0 6G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 60G 0 disk