m.2槽分类_什么是M.2扩展槽，如何使用？

m.2槽分类

There’s a new open format sweeping the world of performance PCs, and it’s…well, complicated. The M.2 format is designed for manufacturers to replace a variety of specific devices, do it in a tiny space, and require very little power. But actually upgrading to an M.2 drive or accessory requires a little forethought.

有一种新的开放格式席卷了高性能PC的世界，而且…复杂。 M.2格式是专为制造商设计的，可以替换各种特定的设备，在很小的空间中完成它，并且只需要很少的电源。但是实际上升级到M.2驱动器或附件需要一些预见。

M.2来自哪里？ (Where Did M.2 Come From?)

Formerly known as Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), the M.2 format is technically a replacement for the mSATA standard, which was popular with manufacturers of super-compact laptops and other small gadgets. That may seem surprising, since most M.2 drives sold at retail are intended for use in full-sized desktops, but M.2 has effectively replaced mSATA hard drives and SSDs in compact laptops like Apple’s MacBook or Dell’s XPS 13. They’re simply sealed within the bodies and unable to be upgraded by most users.

M.2格式以前称为下一代尺寸(NGFF)，从技术上讲是mSATA标准的替代品，mSATA标准在超紧凑型笔记本电脑和其他小配件的制造商中很受欢迎。这似乎令人惊讶，因为大多数零售的M.2驱动器都打算用于全尺寸台式机，但是M.2已经有效地替换了Apple MacBook或Dell XPS 13等紧凑型笔记本电脑中的mSATA硬盘和SSD。只需密封在机体内，大多数用户就无法升级。

它能做什么？ (What Can It Do?)

M.2 is more than just an evolutionary form factor. Potentially, it could supersede the whole aging Serial ATA format altogether. M.2 is a slot that can interface with SATA 3.0 (the cable that’s probably connected to your desktop PC’s storage drive right now), PCI Express 3.0 (the default interface for graphics cards and other major expansion devices), and even USB 3.0.

M.2不仅仅是一个进化形式。可能会完全取代所有老化的Serial ATA格式。 M.2是一个插槽，可以与SATA 3.0(目前可能已连接到台式机的存储驱动器的电缆)，PCI Express 3.0(图形卡和其他主要扩展设备的默认接口)接口，甚至与USB 3.0接口。

That means that—potentially—any storage or disk drive, GPU or port expansion, or low-power gadget that uses a USB connection, could all be mounted on a card plugged into the M.2 slot at the same time. The reality is a little more complicated—for example, a single M.2 slot only has four PCI Express lanes, a quarter of the total generally desired for graphics cards—but the flexibility for this tiny little slot is impressive.

这意味着(可能)任何存储或磁盘驱动器，GPU或端口扩展或使用USB连接的低功耗小工具都可以全部安装在同时插入M.2插槽的卡上。实际情况要复杂得多，例如，一个M.2插槽仅具有四个PCI Express通道，是图形卡通常所需通道总数的四分之一，但是这个小插槽的灵活性令人印象深刻。

When using the PCI bus instead of the SATA bus, M.2 devices can transfer data at anywhere from 50% to approximately 650% faster than standard SATA, depending on the capabilities of the motherboard and the M.2 card itself. If you have the opportunity to use an M.2 SSD on a motherboard that supports PCI generation 3, it can be significantly faster than a regular SATA drive.

当使用PCI总线而不是SATA总线时，根据主板和M.2卡本身的功能，M.2设备可以比标准SATA传输数据的速度快50％至大约650％。如果您有机会在支持第3代PCI的主板上使用M.2 SSD，它的速度可能比常规SATA驱动器快得多。

哪些设备使用M.2插槽？ (What Devices Use The M.2 Slot?)

At the moment, M.2 is primarily used as an interface for super-fast SSDs, both on laptops and desktops. If you walk into a computer hardware store and ask for an M.2 drive—assuming you can find a retail computer store still in operation, of course—they’ll almost certainly show you an SSD with an M.2 connector.

目前，M.2主要用作笔记本电脑和台式机上超高速SSD的接口。如果您走进一家计算机硬件商店，并要求使用M.2驱动器(当然，假设您可以找到一家仍在运转的零售计算机商店)，那么几乎可以肯定的是，它们将为您显示带有M.2连接器的SSD。

Some laptop designs also use an M.2 port as their means of wireless connection, mounting tiny, low-powered cards that combine Wi-Fi and Bluetooth radios. This is less common for desktops, where the ease of a USB dongle or PCIe 1x card is preferred (though there’s no reason you couldn’t do it on a compatible motherboard).

一些笔记本电脑设计还使用M.2端口作为无线连接方式，安装了将Wi-Fi和蓝牙无线电结合在一起的纤巧，低功耗的卡。对于台式机来说，这种情况不太常见，台式机通常更喜欢使用USB软件狗或PCIe 1x卡(尽管没有理由在兼容主板上无法做到这一点)。

相关： 什么是英特尔傲腾内存？

Finally, some companies are starting to expand the use of the slot into categories that don’t broadly fit storage or expansion. While no one’s made an M.2 graphics card yet, Intel is selling its speed-boosting cache storage, “Optane,” in M.2 format for consumers.

最后，一些公司开始将插槽的使用范围扩展到不适合存储或扩展的类别。尽管还没有人制造出M.2显卡，但英特尔正在向消费者出售其M.2格式的提速缓存存储设备“ Optane ”。

我的计算机是否有M.2插槽？ (Does My Computer Have an M.2 Slot?)

If your PC was made or assembled in the last few years, it probably has an M.2 slot. Unfortunately, the flexibility of the format means that actually using it isn’t as simple as just plugging in a card.

如果您的PC是最近几年制造或组装的，则它可能具有M.2插槽。不幸的是，格式的灵活性意味着实际使用它并不像插入卡那样简单。

M.2 cards come with two major compatibility variables: length and key. The first is fairly obvious—your computer needs to have enough physical space to support the length of the card you want to use. The second variable—how the card is keyed—just means the card connector must match the slot you’ll be plugging it into.

M.2卡具有两个主要的兼容性变量：长度和**。第一个很明显-您的计算机需要有足够的物理空间来支持您要使用的卡的长度。第二个变量-卡的锁定方式-仅表示卡的连接器必须与您要插入的插槽匹配。

M.2长度 (M.2 Length)

For desktops, length isn’t typically a problem. Even a tiny Mini-ITX motherboard can easily make room for the maximum length M.2 PCB, which is 110 millimeters long. Some cards are as short as 30mm. You generally want a card to be the size intended for use by your motherboard manufacturer, as an indentation on the end of the PCB allows for a small screw to hold it securely in place.

对于台式机，长度通常不是问题。即使是很小的Mini-ITX主板也可以轻松为最大长度为110毫米的M.2 PCB腾出空间。有些卡短至30mm。通常，您希望卡的大小与主板制造商使用的大小相同，因为PCB末端的凹口允许使用小螺钉将其牢固地固定到位。

All M.2 drives use the same width determined by the connection. The “size” is expressed in the following format; check for compatibility with your laptop or motherboard when picking one out:

所有M.2驱动器都使用由连接确定的相同宽度。 “大小”以以下格式表示；挑选其中一种时，请检查与笔记本电脑或主板的兼容性：

M.2 2230: 22 millimeters wide by 30 millimeters long.

M.2 2230：宽22毫米x长30毫米。
M.2 2242: 22 millimeters wide by 42 millimeters long.

M.2 2242： 22毫米宽乘42毫米长。
M.2 2260: 22 millimeters wide by 60 millimeters long.

M.2 2260： 22毫米宽乘60毫米长。
M.2 2280: 22 millimeters wide by 80 millimeters long.

M.2 2280： 22毫米宽乘80毫米长。
M.2 2210: 22 millimeters wide by 110 millimeters long.

M.2 2210： 22毫米宽乘110毫米长。

Some motherboards are flexible, offering mounting holes for the retention screw at some or all of these intervals.

某些母板是灵活的，在某些或所有这些间隔中为固定螺钉提供了安装Kong。

M.2键 (M.2 Key)

While the M.2 standard uses the same 22 millimeter-wide slot for all cards, it’s not necessarily the exact same slot. Since M.2 is designed to be used with so many different kinds of devices, it has some frustratingly similar-looking ports.

尽管M.2标准为所有卡使用相同的22毫米宽插槽，但不一定是完全相同的插槽。由于M.2设计用于多种不同类型的设备，因此它具有一些令人沮丧的外观相似的端口。

B Key: uses a gap in the right side of the card (left side of the host controller), with six pins to the right of the gap. This configuration supports PCIe x2 bus connections.

B键：在卡的右侧(主机控制器的左侧)使用一个间隙，间隙的右侧有六个插针。此配置支持PCIe x2总线连接。
M Key: uses a gap in the left side of the card (right side of the host controller), with five pins to the left of the gap. This configuration supports PCIe x4 bus connections for twice the data throughput.

M键：在卡的左侧(主机控制器的右侧)使用一个间隙，间隙的左侧有五个引脚。此配置支持PCIe x4总线连接，使数据吞吐量提高一倍。
B+M Key: uses both of the above gaps, with five pins on the left side of the card and six on the right. Because of the physical design, B+M Key cards are limited to PCIe x2 speeds.

B + M键：使用上述两个间隙，在卡的左侧有五个销，在右侧有六个销。由于物理设计的原因，B + M钥匙卡仅限于PCIe x2速度。

M.2 cards with a B Key interface can only fit into a B Key host slot, and likewise for M Key. But cards with a B+M Key design can fit in either a B or an M host slot, since they have gaps for both.

具有B Key接口的M.2卡只能插入B Key主机插槽，M Key也是如此。但是具有B + M**设计的卡既可以插入B主机插槽，也可以插入M主机插槽，因为两者之间都有空隙。

Check your laptop or motherboard specification to see which one is supported. We recommend seeing the documentation instead of “eyeballing” the slot, since the two key standards can be easily confused.

检查您的笔记本电脑或主板规格，以了解支持哪一种。我们建议您查看文档而不是“盯眼”插槽，因为这两个关键标准很容易混淆。

我需要安装M.2卡吗？ (What Do I Need to Install an M.2 Card?)

相关文章： 什么是UEFI？它与BIOS有何不同？

Not much. Most M.2 cards are SSDs and are automatically recognized by your operating system based on AHCI drivers. For Windows 10, most Wi-Fi and Bluetooth cards are automatically recognized as well, with generic drivers activated immediately or specific drivers downloaded later. However, you may need to enable the M.2 slot via a setting in your computer’s BIOS or UEFI. You’ll also want a screwdriver to put in the retention screw.

不多。大多数M.2卡是SSD，可以由操作系统基于AHCI驱动程序自动识别。对于Windows 10，大多数Wi-Fi和蓝牙卡也会被自动识别，并会立即**通用驱动程序或稍后下载特定驱动程序。但是，您可能需要通过计算机的BIOS或UEFI中的设置来启用M.2插槽。您还需要螺丝刀插入固定螺丝。

如果我的PC没有插槽，可以添加M.2卡吗？ (Can I Add An M.2 Card if My PC Doesn’t Have a Slot?)

For laptops, the answer is no—the design of modern laptops is so compact that there’s no space for any kind of non-planned expansion. If you use a desktop, you’re in luck. There are plenty of adapters for sale that use the PCIe x4 slot already on your motherboard. However, if your motherboard can’t boot from PCIe, then you won’t be able to set that M.2 drive as your boot drive, which means you won’t benefit from a lot of the speed. So keep that in mind—if you want the full benefits of an M.2 drive, you’ll probably need a motherboard that supports it.

对于笔记本电脑，答案是否定的：现代笔记本电脑的设计是如此紧凑，以至于没有任何非计划扩展的空间。如果您使用台式机，那么您会很幸运。有很多出售的适配器已使用您主板上的PCIe x4插槽。但是，如果您的主板无法从PCIe引导，那么您将无法将该M.2驱动器设置为引导驱动器，这意味着您将无法从大量速度中受益。因此，请记住这一点-如果您想要M.2硬盘的全部优点，则可能需要支持该主板的主板。

Image source: iFixIt, Amazon, Kingston

图片来源： iFixIt ，亚马逊，金斯敦

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/320421/what-is-the-m.2-expansion-slot/