MySQL多主复制-MySQL Galera安装部署

# yum install gcc gcc-c++

- 确认安装有boost-devel的版本至少为1.4.1

# yum install boost-devel

- 安装scons check-devel openssl-devel

# yum install scons check-devel openssl-devel

• MySQL Galera安装

  • 安装含wsrep Patch的MySQL 5.5.29

    # yum install libaio
    # wget https://launchpad.net/codership-mysql/5.5/5.5.29-23.7.3/+download/mysql-5.5.29_wsrep_23.7.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
    # tar zxvf mysql-5.5.29_wsrep_23.7.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 
    # # mv mysql-5.5.29_wsrep_23.7.3-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
    # cd /usr/local/mysql/
    # groupadd mysql
    # useradd -r -g mysql mysql
    # chown -R mysql:mysql .
    # ./scripts/mysql_install_db --no-defaults --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql
    # chown -R root .
    # chown -R mysql data

  • 安装Galera复制插件

    # wget https://launchpad.net/galera/2.x/23.2.4/+download/galera-23.2.4-src.tar.gz
    # tar zxvf galera-23.2.4-src.tar.gz
    # cd galera-23.2.4-src
    # scons
    # cp garb/garbd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
    # cp libgalera_smm.so /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/

• MySQL Galera配置

  • MySQL Galera配置例子:

    # cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
    # mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
    # chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
    # vi /etc/my.cnf
    # cat /etc/my.cnf

    [client]
    port = 3306
    socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    [mysqld_safe]
    log-error = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.log
    pid-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid
    
    [mysqld]
    wsrep_node_name = node1
    wsrep_provider = /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/libgalera_smm.so
    #wsrep_provider_options ='gcache.size=1G;socket.ssl_key=my_key;socket.ssl_cert=my_cert'
    #wsrep_slave_threads=16
    wsrep_sst_method = rsync
    #wsrep_sst_auth=root:
    
    port = 3306
    socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    user = mysql
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
    
    default_storage_engine=InnoDB
    #innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
    #innodb_log_file_size=256M
    innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
    innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
    innodb_doublewrite=0
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    
    binlog_format=ROW
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    server-id=101
    relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
    #read_only=1
    log-slave-updates=1

• MySQL Galera启动与关闭

  • 初次启动:

    [[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm:// >/dev/null &

    或

    [[email protected] ~]# service mysql start --wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://

    查看mysqld监听的端口:

    [[email protected] ~]# netstat -plantu | grep mysqld
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4567       0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN      3656/mysqld         
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306       0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN      3656/mysqld

    注:
    1)”gcomm://”是特殊的地址,仅仅是galera cluster初始化启动时候使用,再次启动的时候需要使用具体的IP地址.
    2) 端口4567是wsrep使用的默认端口.该端口的防火墙设置规则应该和3306的一样.

  • 关闭:

    [[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown

MySQL Galera新节点

• 添加新节点

• 节点接入
  添加新节点的时候,新接入的节点叫Joiner,给joiner提供复制的节点叫Donor.新的节点接入需要:
  1) 安装带wsrep patch的MySQL版本
  2) 安装Galera复制插件
  3) 配置好新节点的MySQL(参考Donnor的my.cnf)
  4) 配置或启动的gcomm://的地址是需要使用donnor的IP.

  接入节点G222:

  [[email protected] data]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.221:4567,192.168.1.223:4567"    >/dev/null &

• 接入节点G223:

  [[email protected] data]# service mysql start --wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.221:4567,192.168.1.222:4567"

• 修改节点的wsrep_cluster_address修改wsrep_cluster_address有两种方式:1)使用新的wsrep_cluster_address重启节点:

  [[email protected] data]# service mysql restart --wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567"
  Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! 
  Starting MySQL....... SUCCESS!

  2)直接修改MySQL全局变量

  mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_address';
  +-----------------------+----------------------------+
  | Variable_name         | Value                      |
  +-----------------------+----------------------------+
  | wsrep_cluster_address | gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567 |
  +-----------------------+----------------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> set global wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567";
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.20 sec)
  
  mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_address';
  +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
  | Variable_name         | Value                                                 |
  +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
  | wsrep_cluster_address | gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567 |
  +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL Galera监控

• 查看相关变量

• 查看MySQL版本:

  mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'version';
  +---------------+------------+
  | Variable_name | Value      |
  +---------------+------------+
  | version       | 5.5.29-log |
  +---------------+------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

  查看wsrep版本:

  mysql> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_provider_version';
  +------------------------+------------+
  | Variable_name          | Value      |
  +------------------------+------------+
  | wsrep_provider_version | 2.4(rXXXX) |
  +------------------------+------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_address';
+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name         | Value                                                 |
+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_cluster_address | gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567 |
+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL Galera其它特性

• Galera arbitrator

  garbd可以做为一个无数据的Galera节点运行,该节点可以用一种优化的方式帮助检测和处理网络分裂(network splits).
  一个好的garbd节点可以防止”split-brain”状况发生.

• SSL支持

  Galera支持SSL通讯,这对增加数据安全性很重要(特别是云部署).可以通过参数socket.ssl_cert和socket.ssl_key来定义.

• SST方式选择

  SST允许新接入的节点使用定制的方法来获取最初的数据.SST方式有mysqldump(默认,比较慢),rsync,和xtrabackup(很快).
  可通过wsrep_sst_method来定义.Production环境中建议使用rsync或是xtrabackup方式.