linux中r加载程序包_如何找出Linux中应用程序的确切软件包名称

linux中r加载程序包

The Ubuntu Software Center allows you to easily add and remove programs in Ubuntu. However, each Linux distribution has a different graphical method for adding and removing software. If you prefer using the keyboard, you can install and uninstall software using the command line.

Ubuntu软件中心使您可以轻松地在Ubuntu中添加和删除程序 。 但是，每个Linux发行版都有用于添加和删除软件的不同图形方法。 如果您更喜欢使用键盘，则可以使用命令行来安装和卸载软件。

To use the command line to install and uninstall software, you need to know the name of the package you want to install or uninstall. The Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) is the package management system used by Debian-based Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu. The command line program “apt-cache” is used by the APT system to maintain its database and you can use apt-cache to find out information from the metadata associated with the packages in the system.

要使用命令行安装和卸载软件，您需要知道要安装或卸载的软件包的名称。 Advanced Packaging Tool(APT)是基于Debian的Linux发行版(如Ubuntu)使用的软件包管理系统。 APT系统使用命令行程序“ apt-cache”来维护其数据库，您可以使用apt-cache从与系统中软件包相关联的元数据中查找信息。

NOTE: When we say to type something in this article and there are quotes around the text, DO NOT type the quotes, unless we specify otherwise.

注意：当我们说要在本文中键入某些内容并且文本周围有引号时，请不要键入引号，除非我们另外指定。

使用apt-cache (Using apt-cache)

To use apt-cache to list all the available packages in the system, type the following command at the prompt and press “Enter”.

要使用apt-cache列出系统中所有可用的软件包，请在提示符下键入以下命令，然后按“ Enter”。

apt-cache pkgnames | less

apt缓存pkgnames | 减

Note that we added “| less” to the end of the command. This pipes the output to the “less” command which allows you to press the up and down arrows to scroll through the list one item at a time, or press the “PgUp” and “PgDn” keys to scroll through the list one screen at a time. Piping the output to “more” (“| more”) instead of “less” allows you to press “Enter” to advance one line at a time once one screen of results displays.

请注意，我们添加了“ | 少”到命令末尾。 这会将输出传递给“ less”命令，该命令可让您按上下箭头一次滚动列表中的一项，或者按“ PgUp”和“ PgDn”键滚动至列表中的一个屏幕。一个时间。 将输出用“更多”(“ |更多”)而不是“更少”输入，一旦显示一屏结果，您就可以按“ Enter”一次前进一行。

The first screen of results displays. Use the arrow keys to move up or down or press “Enter” to show the next screen of results. Press “q” to exit the “less” command and return to the prompt.

显示结果的第一个屏幕。 使用箭头键向上或向下移动，或按“ Enter”显示下一个结果屏幕。 按“ q”退出“ less”命令并返回提示。

If you know the beginning of the package name, you can search using that text to narrow the search. For example, to display all packages that start with the word “fire”, type the following command at the prompt and press “Enter”.

如果知道软件包名称的开头，则可以使用该文本进行搜索以缩小搜索范围。 例如，要显示所有以单词“ fire”开头的软件包，请在提示符下键入以下命令，然后按“ Enter”。

apt-cache pkgnames fire

apt-cache pkgnames触发

Al packages starting with “fire” display. Again, we piped the command to “less” so we can easily scroll through the results.

以“ fire”开头的Al包显示。 同样，我们将命令传递给“ less”，以便我们可以轻松滚动结果。

To display information about a specific package, such as the package version number, check sums, size, installed size, and category, use the “show” option, as shown in the following example.

要显示有关特定软件包的信息，例如软件包的版本号，校验和，大小，安装的大小和类别，请使用“显示”选项，如以下示例所示。

apt-cache show firefox

apt-cache显示Firefox

Dependencies for a package are what the package needs to already be installed on the system in order for the package to function. Reverse dependencies for a package are which other packages rely on this package to function. To see the dependencies and reverse dependencies for a package, use the “showpkg” option. For example, type the following command at the prompt and press “Enter” to find out the dependencies and reverse dependencies for Firefox.

程序包的依赖关系是程序包必须已经安装在系统上才能使程序包起作用。 包的反向依赖关系是哪些其他包依赖此包起作用。 要查看软件包的依赖性和反向依赖性，请使用“ showpkg”选项。 例如，在提示符下键入以下命令，然后按Enter键以查找Firefox的依赖关系和反向依赖关系。

apt-cache showpkg firefox

apt-cache showpkg firefox

Here’s a list of packages that depend on Firefox to function…

以下是依赖Firefox才能运行的软件包的列表…

…and the list of other packages that Firefox depends on to function.

…以及Firefox依赖的其他软件包列表。

To view overall statistic about the package cache, such as the number of different types of packages, use the “stats” option. Type the following at the prompt and press “Enter”.

要查看有关程序包缓存的整体统计信息，例如不同类型的程序包的数量，请使用“ stats”选项。 在提示符下键入以下内容，然后按“ Enter”。

apt-cache stats

apt-cache统计信息

To find out package names and their associated descriptions, use the “search” option. For example, to view the descriptions for the packages related to the minesweeper game for GNOME, type the following command at the prompt and press “Enter”.

要查找软件包名称及其相关描述，请使用“搜索”选项。 例如，要查看与GNOME的minesweeper游戏相关的软件包的描述，请在提示符下键入以下命令，然后按“ Enter”。

apt-cache search gnome-mines

apt-cache搜索gnome-mines

使用轴缓存 (Using axi-cache)

The “axi-cache” command works similarly to the “apt-cache” command, but provides more descriptive results, sorted by relevancy. As an example, we searched for all packages with “fire” in the name using the following command.

“ axi-cache”命令的工作方式与“ apt-cache”命令类似，但是提供了更具描述性的结果(按相关性排序)。 例如，我们使用以下命令搜索名称中带有“ fire”的所有软件包。

axi-cache search fire

轴缓存搜索火

The first 20 results are displayed.

显示前20个结果。

To view additional results, enter “axi-cache more” on the command line.

要查看其他结果，请在命令行上输入“ axi-cache more”。

The usage of “axi-cache” is similar to “apt-cache”. For more information about using “axi-cache”, type “axi-cache help” at the prompt and press “Enter”.

“ axi-cache”的用法类似于“ apt-cache”。 有关使用“ axi-cache”的更多信息，请在提示符下键入“ axi-cache help”，然后按“ Enter”。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/229682/how-to-find-out-exact-package-names-for-applications-in-linux/

linux中r加载程序包