【英语学习】【医学】Unit 05 The Digestive System
《基础医学英语》读书笔记
文章目录
常见词根与词缀
| 词根/词缀 | 含义 | 示例 | 词源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pharyg(o)- | pharynx 咽 | pharyngolaryngitis 咽喉炎 pharyngology 咽科学 |
From New Latin pharynx, from Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”). 注：咽，吞咽，与食物有关。 |
| esophag(o)- | esophagus 食管 | esophageal 食道的 | From Ancient Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos), from οἴσω (oísō), future form of φέρω (phérō, “I carry”) + ἔφαγον (éphagon, “I ate”). |
| gastr(o)- | stomach 胃 | gastric 胃的 gastrocolic 胃结肠的 |
from Greek gastēr, gastr- ‘stomach’. |
| celi(o)- | abdomen / belly 腹 | celiotomy 剖腹术 celiomyositis 腹肌炎 |
|
| enter(o)- | intestine 肠 | parenteral 肠外的 enterology 肠病学 |
from Greek enteron “an intestine, piece of gut” |
| duoden(o)- | duodenum 十二指肠 | duodenal 十二指肠的 duodenostomy 十二指肠造口术 |
from Medieval Latin duodenum digitorium “space of twelve digits,” |
| jejun(o)- | jejunum 空肠 | jejunitis 空肠炎 jejunotomy 空肠切开术 |
Latin ieiunum, neuter of ieiunus “empty” . So called because it typically is found empty during dissections, perhaps because it would tend to drain in a body laid on its back. 之所以被称为“空肠”是由于在解剖中发现这部分经常空无一物，可能是由于尸体处于背仰式时，这部分容易被排空。 |
| ile(o)- | ileum 回肠 | ileal 回肠的 ileum 回肠 |
from Latin ilia (pl.) "groin, flank“; Greek eileos “colic” (“winding, turning”) |
| col(o)- | colon 结肠 | colitis 结肠炎 | Greek kolon (with a short initial -o-) “large intestine” 注：colon还有”冒号：“的意思，大肠的样子看起来有点像一串冒号。 |
| rect(o)- | rectum 直肠 | rectal 直肠的 | from Latin intestinum rectum “straight intestine” |
| an(o)- | anus 肛门 | anal 肛的 | from Latin anus “ring, anus” |
| hepat(o) | liver 肝 | hepatitis 肝炎 hepatotherapy 肝质疗法 |
from Greek hēpatikos, from hēpar (genitive hēpatos) “liver” |
| cholecyst(o)- | gall bladder 胆囊 | cholecyst 胆囊 cholecystitis 胆囊炎 cholecystotomy 胆囊切开术 |
chole (“bile”) + cyst (“bladder”) |
| bil(i)- | bile 胆汁 | bilirubin 胆红素 | bile “anger” |
| pept(i)- | digest 消化 | peptic 消化性的 peptinotoxin 胃消化毒素 |
from peptos (“cooked, digested”) 注：peptide 肽，也来自于pept-这个词根。 |
注：以下图片来自于Google