并行传输数据和串行传输数据

计算机系统中的并行处理和数据传输模式 (Parallel Processing and Data Transfer Modes in a Computer System)

Instead of processing each instruction sequentially, a parallel processing system provides concurrent data processing to increase the execution time.

并行处理系统不是顺序处理每个指令，而是提供并行数据处理以增加执行时间。

In this the system may have two or more ALU's and should be able to execute two or more instructions at the same time. The purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and increase its throughput.

在这种情况下，系统可能具有两个或多个ALU，并且应该能够同时执行两个或多个指令。并行处理的目的是加快计算机处理能力并提高其吞吐量。

NOTE: Throughput is the number of instructions that can be executed in a unit of time.

注意： 吞吐量是单位时间内可以执行的指令数。

Parallel processing can be viewed from various levels of complexity. At the lowest level, we distinguish between parallel and serial operations by the type of registers used. At the higher level of complexity, parallel processing can be achieved by using multiple functional units that perform many operations simultaneously.

可以从各种复杂度上查看并行处理。在最低层次上，我们通过使用的寄存器类型区分并行操作和串行操作。在较高的复杂度上，可以通过使用同时执行许多操作的多个功能单元来实现并行处理。

计算机系统的数据传输模式 (Data Transfer Modes of a Computer System)

According to the data transfer mode, computer can be divided into 4 major groups:

根据数据传输方式，计算机可分为4大类：

SISD
可持续发展研究所
SIMD
SIMD
MISD
MISD
MIMD
MIMD

SISD（单指令流，单数据流） (SISD (Single Instruction Stream, Single Data Stream))

It represents the organization of a single computer containing a control unit, processor unit and a memory unit. Instructions are executed sequentially. It can be achieved by pipelining or multiple functional units.

它代表了包含控制单元，处理器单元和存储单元的单个计算机的组织。指令按顺序执行。可以通过流水线或多个功能单元来实现。

SIMD（单指令流，多数据流） (SIMD (Single Instruction Stream, Multiple Data Stream))

It represents an organization that includes multiple processing units under the control of a common control unit. All processors receive the same instruction from control unit but operate on different parts of the data.

它代表一个组织，在一个公共控制单元的控制下包括多个处理单元。所有处理器都从控制单元接收相同的指令，但是对数据的不同部分进行操作。

They are highly specialized computers. They are basically used for numerical problems that are expressed in the form of vector or matrix. But they are not suitable for other types of computations

它们是高度专业的计算机。它们基本上用于以向量或矩阵形式表示的数值问题。但是它们不适合其他类型的计算

MISD（多指令流，单数据流） (MISD (Multiple Instruction Stream, Single Data Stream))

It consists of a single computer containing multiple processors connected with multiple control units and a common memory unit. It is capable of processing several instructions over single data stream simultaneously. MISD structure is only of theoretical interest since no practical system has been constructed using this organization.

它由一台计算机组成，其中包含与多个控制单元和一个公共存储单元连接的多个处理器。它能够同时在单个数据流上处理多个指令。 MISD结构仅具有理论意义，因为尚未使用该组织构建实用系统。

MIMD（多指令流，多数据流 (MIMD (Multiple Instruction Stream, Multiple Data Stream)

It represents the organization which is capable of processing several programs at same time. It is the organization of a single computer containing multiple processors connected with multiple control units and a shared memory unit. The shared memory unit contains multiple modules to communicate with all processors simultaneously. Multiprocessors and multicomputer are the examples of MIMD. It fulfills the demand of large scale computations.

它代表能够同时处理多个程序的组织。它是一台计算机的组织，其中包含与多个控制单元和一个共享存储单元连接的多个处理器。共享内存单元包含多个模块，可同时与所有处理器通信。多处理器和多计算机是MIMD的示例。它满足了大规模计算的需求。

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-architecture/parallel-processing-and-data-transfer