看门狗和窗口看门狗_表演警察和看门人
看门狗和窗口看门狗
Last year I gave the keynote at OK200 about Firefox OS -- what it was, what it wasn't, and where to go from there. It went pretty damn well, or so I thought. I was followed by Lara Hogan from Etsy, whose presentation was so incredible it made my talk look like I describing MS Paint. And it was about an important but neglected topic: performance. The audience was hanging on her every word, as was I. Lara has written a book called Designing for Performance and has been nice enough to share an excerpt from Chapter 8, Changing Culture at Your Organization, with all of us!
去年，我在OK200上做了关于Firefox OS的主题演讲-它是什么，不是什么以及从哪里去。 一切都很好，或者，我想。 紧随其后的是Etsy的Lara Hogan，他的演讲是如此令人难以置信，它使我的演讲看起来就像我在描述MS Paint。 这是一个重要但被忽略的话题：性能。 观众和她一样，都在说她的话。Lara写了一本书，名为“绩效设计”，很高兴与我们所有人分享了第8章，“ 改变组织的文化” 。
绩效改善通常始于公司文化中一个人的声音。 您开始注意到其他站点如何通过调整感知性能或页面总加载时间来优化和改善用户体验。 然后，您开始衡量竞争对手的网站在WebPagetest中的表现，并将您网站的性能与其竞争对手进行比较。 在开始了解可以在您的站点上实现的许多简单的性能胜利之后，您就可以毫不费力地从头开始进行改进并获得大量收益。
These are the individuals who often start out as performance cops or janitors. Cleaning up after other designers and developers becomes a routine chore for these individuals; sometimes they've taken this responsibility on themselves, or sometimes they were assigned these responsibilities. Either way, this road leads to burnout.
这些人通常起初是表演警察或看门人。 在其他设计师和开发人员之后进行清理成为这些人的日常琐事； 有时他们自己承担了这个责任，或者有时他们被分配了这些责任。 无论哪种方式，这条道路都会导致倦怠。
As time marches on, so many things will continue to create performance challenges for even the most stable site:
随着时间的流逝，即使是最稳定的网站，也有很多事情会继续给性能带来挑战：
- New performance techniques emerge, like the recent implementation of picture. 出现了新的演奏技术，例如最近对图片的实现。
- The site's hardware, brand, and code age. 该站点的硬件，品牌和代码时代。
- New designers and/or developers are hired. 雇用新的设计师和/或开发人员。
- Existing designers and/or developers with great performance habits leave. 具有良好性能习惯的现有设计师和/或开发人员请假。
- Browsers continue to evolve. 浏览器继续发展。
- Web standards evolve, such as HTTP/2, which eradicates some existing performance constraints. Web标准不断发展，例如HTTP / 2，它消除了一些现有的性能限制。
Having a dedicated team of people responsible for keeping track of these kinds of evolutions is important. A performance champion, or a team of performance champions, is an excellent tool for a company to lean on as the Web changes. But the responsibility for maintaining a high-performing site should not solely rest on the shoulders of these individuals. Everyone who works on the site should buy in to the importance of performance and understand what they can do to improve it.
重要的是拥有一支专门的人员团队来跟踪这些类型的演变。 一个绩效冠军或一个绩效冠军团队，是公司随着网络变化而赖以生存的绝佳工具。 但是，维护一个高性能站点的责任不应仅由这些人承担。 每个在网站上工作的人都应该重视性能的重要性，并了解他们可以做些什么来改进它。
If other designers and developers who shape the site aren't educated on performance, how can they make the best decisions about user experience? How can they weigh the balance between aesthetics and page speed? If they aren't empowered to make improvements, any performance champions will simply be playing cleanup after other people's work. Spending your time cleaning up other people's work (especially when it's preventable) is a one-way ticket to burnout.
如果不对构成网站的其他设计师和开发人员进行性能方面的教育，那么他们如何才能就用户体验做出最佳决策？ 他们如何权衡美学和页面速度之间的平衡？ 如果他们无权进行改进，那么任何表现出色的人都将在别人的工作之后进行清理。 花时间清理别人的工作(尤其是在可以预防的情况下)是单方面的倦怠。
A dedicated performance team can focus on:
专门的绩效团队可以专注于：
- Giving lectures, lunch-and-learns, and workshops to educate others about performance 进行讲座，午餐和学习以及讲习班，以教育他人进行表演
- Celebrating the good work of designers and developers on other teams who improve site speed 庆祝设计师和开发人员在其他团队中的出色工作，从而提高了网站速度
- Building tools to surface performance data in others' daily workflows to help them understand how they are directly impacting performance in their current work 在其他人的日常工作流程中构建工具以显示绩效数据，以帮助他们了解他们如何直接影响他们当前工作中的绩效
- Defining baseline requirements for performance, such as a performance budget for each new project or a maximum page load time across the site 定义性能基准要求，例如每个新项目的性能预算或整个站点的最大页面加载时间
- Learning about emerging technology and new methods of improving performance 了解新兴技术和提高性能的新方法
- Communicating publicly about changes in site performance and recent experiments and learnings, as shown in Figure 8-1 公开交流站点性能的变化以及最近的实验和学习，如图8-1所示
Figure 8-1. Etsy's performance report details load time for top pages and what changes contributed to the load time each quarter.
图8-1。 Etsy的性能报告详细列出了首页的加载时间，以及每个季度对加载时间有哪些变化。
Having an individual or team care deeply about performance is important for all of the aforementioned purposes. These champions can stay on top of how performance is being handled sitewide; they can keep an eye on problem areas, look for areas to improve, and raise suggestions to the other people contributing to the site's design and development. But the work to be done to actually improve and maintain performance needs to be owned and shared across your organization, rather than lie with an individual or single team.
对于上述所有目的而言，让个人或团队深入关心绩效至关重要。 这些冠军可以掌握整个站点如何处理绩效； 他们可以关注问题区域，寻找需要改进的区域，并向对站点设计和开发做出贡献的其他人提出建议。 但是，要真正改善和保持绩效所要做的工作需要在整个组织中拥有和共享，而不是由单个或单个团队承担。
Read more about how to get upper management and fellow designers and developers to care about performance in the rest of Chapter 8 in Designing for Performance!
在“ 为性能而设计”的第8章的其余部分中，详细了解如何使高层管理人员以及设计者和开发人员同仁关心性能 ！
Designing for Performance by Lara Callender Hogan http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920033578.do ISBN 978-1-4919-0251-6 Copyright 2014 O'Reilly Media, Inc. All right reserved. Used with permission.
Lara Callender Hogan的性能设计 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920033578.do ISBN 978-1-4919-0251-6版权所有©2014 O'Reilly Media，Inc.保留所有权利。 经许可使用。
看门狗和窗口看门狗