开启Spring Boot
Spring Boot是在Spring框架上创建的一个全新的框架,其设计目的是简化Spring应用的搭建和开发过程。开启Spring Boot有许多种方法可供选择,这里仅介绍使用http://start.spring.io/来构建一个简单的Spring Boot项目。
生成项目文件
访问http://start.spring.io/,页面显示如下:
这里选择以Maven构建,语言选择Java,Spring Boot版本为1.5.9。然后点击Switch to the full version,可看到更多的配置以及依赖选择:
在项目信息里选择以jar包的方式部署,Java版本为7。在页面的下方还可以选择诸多的依赖,这里仅选择web进行演示:
最后点击页面的generate project按钮生成项目文件。文件下载后是一个压缩包,进行解压然后使用eclipse以Maven项目的形式导入。导入后eclipse会自动编译项目并下载相应的依赖,项目目录如下所示:
简单演示
项目根目录下生成了一个artifactId+Application命名规则的入口类,为了演示简单,不再新建控制器,直接在入口类中编写代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 |
package com.springboot.demo; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @SpringBootApplication public class DemoApplication { @RequestMapping("/") String index() { return "hello spring boot"; } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } } |
然后右键点击DemoAppliction,选择run as → Java Application:
访问http://localhost:8080,页面显示如下:
打包发布
在eclipse中右击项目,选择run as → Maven build…,如下图所示:
在Goals中输入clean package
命令,然后点击下方的run就将项目打包成jar包(初次打包会自动下载一些依赖)。打包完毕后可看到项目目录target文件夹下生成了一个jar文件:
生成jar包后,cd到target目录下,执行以下命令:
访问http://localhost:8080,效果如上。
聊聊pom.xml
打开pom.xml可看到配置如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.springboot</groupId> <artifactId>demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>demo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.7</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> |
spring-boot-starter-parent
spring-boot-starter-parent指定了当前项目为一个Spring Boot项目,它提供了诸多的默认Maven依赖,具体可查看目录D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-dependencies\1.5.9.RELEASE下的spring-boot-dependencies-1.5.9.RELEASE.pom文件,这里仅截取一小部分:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
<properties> ... <spring-security.version>4.2.3.RELEASE</spring-security.version> <spring-security-jwt.version>1.0.8.RELEASE</spring-security-jwt.version> <spring-security-oauth.version>2.0.14.RELEASE</spring-security-oauth.version> <spring-session.version>1.3.1.RELEASE</spring-session.version> <spring-social.version>1.1.4.RELEASE</spring-social.version> <spring-social-facebook.version>2.0.3.RELEASE</spring-social-facebook.version> <spring-social-linkedin.version>1.0.2.RELEASE</spring-social-linkedin.version> <spring-social-twitter.version>1.1.2.RELEASE</spring-social-twitter.version> <spring-ws.version>2.4.2.RELEASE</spring-ws.version> <sqlite-jdbc.version>3.15.1</sqlite-jdbc.version> <statsd-client.version>3.1.0</statsd-client.version> <sun-mail.version>${javax-mail.version}</sun-mail.version> <thymeleaf.version>2.1.6.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4.version>2.1.3.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4.version> <thymeleaf-extras-conditionalcomments.version>2.1.2.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-conditionalcomments.version> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>1.4.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> <thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>1.3</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version> <thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version> <tomcat.version>8.5.23</tomcat.version> ... </properties> |
需要说明的是,并非所有在<properties>
标签中配置了版本号的依赖都有被启用,其启用与否取决于您是否配置了相应的starter。比如tomcat这个依赖就是spring-boot-starter-web的传递性依赖(下面将会描述到)。
当然,我们可以手动改变这些依赖的版本。比如我想把thymeleaf的版本改为3.0.0.RELEASE,我们可以在pom.xml中进行如下配置:
1 2 3 |
<properties> <thymeleaf.version>3.0.0.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> </properties> |
spring-boot-starter-web
Spring Boot提供了许多开箱即用的依赖模块,这些模块都是以spring-boot-starter-XX命名的。比如要开启Spring Boot的web功能,只需要在pom.xml中配置spring-boot-starter-web即可:
1 2 3 4 |
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> |
因为其依赖于spring-boot-starter-parent,所以这里可以不用配置version。保存后Maven会自动帮我们下载spring-boot-starter-web模块所包含的jar文件。如果需要具体查看spring-boot-starter-web包含了哪些依赖,我们可以右键项目选择run as → Maven Build…,在Goals中输入命令dependency:tree
,然后点击run即可在eclipse控制台查看到如下信息:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 |
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | | +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.1.11:compile [INFO] | | | | \- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.1.11:compile [INFO] | | | +- org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile [INFO] | | | +- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile [INFO] | | \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.17:runtime [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:8.5.23:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-annotations-api:jar:8.5.23:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:8.5.23:compile [INFO] | | \- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:8.5.23:compile [INFO] | +- org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:5.3.6.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:1.1.0.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.3.1.Final:compile [INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml:classmate:jar:1.3.4:compile [INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.8.10:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.8.0:compile [INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.8.10:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:4.3.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:4.3.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:4.3.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:4.3.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:4.3.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:4.3.13.RELEASE:compile |
上述这些依赖都是隐式依赖于spring-boot-starter-web,我们也可以手动排除一些我们不需要的依赖。
比如spring-boot-starter-web默认集成了tomcat,假如我们想把它换为jetty,可以在pom.xml中spring-boot-starter-web下排除tomcat依赖,然后手动引入jetty依赖:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 |
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> |
tips:依赖的坐标可以到上述的spring-boot-dependencies-1.5.9.RELEASE.pom文件里查找。再次运行dependency:tree
:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile ... [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jetty:jar:1.5.9.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-servlets:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-continuation:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-util:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-io:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-webapp:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-xml:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-servlet:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-security:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-server:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | +- org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:websocket-server:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:websocket-common:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:websocket-api:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:websocket-client:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-client:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | \- org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:websocket-servlet:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | \- javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:jar:3.1.0:compile [INFO] | +- org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:javax-websocket-server-impl:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-annotations:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | | +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-plus:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | | +- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:jar:1.2:compile [INFO] | | | +- org.ow2.asm:asm:jar:5.1:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:jar:5.1:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:jar:5.1:compile [INFO] | | +- org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:javax-websocket-client-impl:jar:9.4.7.v20170914:compile [INFO] | | \- javax.websocket:javax.websocket-api:jar:1.0:compile [INFO] | \- org.mortbay.jasper:apache-el:jar:8.0.33:compile |
可看到tomcat已被替换为了jetty。
spring-boot-maven-plugin
spring-boot-maven-plugin为Spring Boot Maven插件,提供了:
-
把项目打包成一个可执行的超级JAR(uber-JAR),包括把应用程序的所有依赖打入JAR文件内,并为JAR添加一个描述文件,其中的内容能让你用
java -jar
来运行应用程序。 -
搜索
public static void main()
方法来标记为可运行类。