从BMP图片中提取存储器初始化文件（MIF）
问题描述：
我正在使用Quartus从Altera获得DE12-115微处理器。为了使用内置的VGA连接将BMP图像显示到监视器上，我必须首先将BMP图像转换为MIF格式。 MIF格式不过是一个查找表，它使用RGB颜色代码指定每个像素的地址和每种颜色的别名。 A样品MIF文件将具有以下形状从BMP图片中提取存储器初始化文件（MIF）
DEPTH = 32; -- The size of data in bits
WIDTH = 8; -- The size of memory in words
ADDRESS_RADIX = HEX; -- The radix for address values
DATA_RADIX = BIN; -- The radix for data values
CONTENT -- start of (address : data pairs)
BEGIN
00 : 00000000; -- memory address : data
01 : 00000001;
02 : 00000010;
03 : 00000011;
04 : 00000100;
05 : 00000101;
06 : 00000110;
07 : 00000111;
08 : 00001000;
09 : 00001001;
0A : 00001010;
0B : 00001011;
0C : 00001100;
END;
我还没有找到任何软件，使我改变我自己的图像转换成以上格式。但是，我发现了一个C代码。因为我不熟悉C，所以我想知道是否有人能够帮助我理解代码，库导入等......以便我可以将它转换为JAVA。如果有人向我解释如何从照片中提取MIF格式，并且我可以从头开始编写自己的代码，这也会很棒。 C代码如下。谢谢大家提前
// PicTest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
//#ifndef LaserMaze_Bitmap_h
//#define LaserMaze_Bitmap_h
#pragma pack(2) // Add this
typedef struct
{
unsigned short bfType;
unsigned int bfSize;
unsigned short bfReserved1;
unsigned short bfReserved2;
unsigned int bfOffBits;
} BITMAPFILEHEADER;
#pragma pack() // and this
# define BF_TYPE 0x4D42 /* "MB" */
typedef struct /**** BMP file info structure ****/
{
unsigned int biSize; /* Size of info header */
int biWidth; /* Width of image */
int biHeight; /* Height of image */
unsigned short biPlanes; /* Number of color planes */
unsigned short biBitCount; /* Number of bits per pixel */
unsigned int biCompression; /* Type of compression to use */
unsigned int biSizeImage; /* Size of image data */
int biXPelsPerMeter; /* X pixels per meter */
int biYPelsPerMeter; /* Y pixels per meter */
unsigned int biClrUsed; /* Number of colors used */
unsigned int biClrImportant; /* Number of important colors */
unsigned int RedMask; /* Mask identifying bits of red component */
unsigned int GreenMask; /* Mask identifying bits of green component */
unsigned int BlueMask; /* Mask identifying bits of blue component */
unsigned int AlphaMask; /* Mask identifying bits of alpha component */
unsigned int CSType; /* Color space type */
long RedX; /* X coordinate of red endpoint */
long RedY; /* Y coordinate of red endpoint */
long RedZ; /* Z coordinate of red endpoint */
long GreenX; /* X coordinate of green endpoint */
long GreenY; /* Y coordinate of green endpoint */
long GreenZ; /* Z coordinate of green endpoint */
long BlueX; /* X coordinate of blue endpoint */
long BlueY; /* Y coordinate of blue endpoint */
long BlueZ; /* Z coordinate of blue endpoint */
unsigned int GammaRed; /* Gamma red coordinate scale value */
unsigned int GammaGreen; /* Gamma green coordinate scale value */
unsigned int GammaBlue; /* Gamma blue coordinate scale value */
} BITMAPINFOHEADER;
/*
* Constants for the biCompression field...
*/
# define BI_RGB 0 /* No compression - straight BGR data */
# define BI_RLE8 1 /* 8-bit run-length compression */
# define BI_RLE4 2 /* 4-bit run-length compression */
# define BI_BITFIELDS 3 /* RGB bitmap with RGB masks */
typedef struct /**** Colormap entry structure ****/
{
unsigned char rgbBlue; /* Blue value */
unsigned char rgbGreen; /* Green value */
unsigned char rgbRed; /* Red value */
unsigned char rgbReserved; /* Reserved */
} RGBQUAD;
unsigned char *LoadBitmapFile(char *filename, BITMAPINFOHEADER *bitmapInfoHeader)
{
FILE *filePtr; //our file pointer
BITMAPFILEHEADER bitmapFileHeader; //our bitmap file header
unsigned char *bitmapImage; //store image data int imageIdx=0; //image index counter
unsigned char tempRGB; //our swap variable
//open filename in read binary mode
filePtr = fopen(filename,"rb");
if (filePtr == NULL)
return NULL;
//read the bitmap file header
fread(&bitmapFileHeader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1,filePtr);
//verify that this is a bmp file by check bitmap id
if (bitmapFileHeader.bfType !=0x4D42)
{
fclose(filePtr);
return NULL;
}
//read the bitmap info header
fread(bitmapInfoHeader, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,filePtr);
//move file point to the begging of bitmap data
fseek(filePtr, bitmapFileHeader.bfOffBits, SEEK_SET);
//allocate enough memory for the bitmap image data
bitmapImage = (unsigned char*)malloc(bitmapInfoHeader->biSizeImage);
//verify memory allocation
if (!bitmapImage)
{
free(bitmapImage);
fclose(filePtr);
return NULL;
}
//read in the bitmap image data
fread(bitmapImage,bitmapInfoHeader->biSizeImage,1,filePtr);
//make sure bitmap image data was read
if (bitmapImage == NULL)
{
fclose(filePtr);
return NULL;
}
//swap the r and b values to get RGB (bitmap is BGR)
/*for (imageIdx = 0,imageIdx < bitmapInfoHeader->biSizeImage;imageIdx+=3)
{
tempRGB = bitmapImage[imageIdx];
bitmapImage[imageIdx] = bitmapImage[imageIdx + 2];
bitmapImage[imageIdx + 2] = tempRGB;
}*/
//close file and return bitmap iamge data
fclose(filePtr);
return bitmapImage;
}
double round(double d)
{
return floor(d + 0.5);
}
bool generateMIF(unsigned char *bitmapData, long tSize, char *file)
{
FILE * pFile;
pFile = fopen (file,"w");
if (pFile==NULL)
{
printf("Unable to Open file to write \n");
return 0;
}
char buff[40];
sprintf(buff,"DEPTH = %d;\n",tSize/3);
fputs("WIDTH = 8;\n",pFile);
fputs(buff,pFile);
fputs("ADDRESS_RADIX = HEX;\n",pFile);
fputs("DATA_RADIX = HEX;\n",pFile);
fputs("CONTENT BEGIN\n",pFile);
long ind=0;
long addr=0;
for (ind=tSize-1;ind>=0; ind-=3)
{
unsigned char R=round(bitmapData[ind]/255.0*7.0);
unsigned char G=round(bitmapData[ind-1]/255.0*7.0);
unsigned char B=round(bitmapData[ind-2]/255.0*3.0);
unsigned char Var = R *32 + G *4 + B;
sprintf(buff,"%X : %X ;\n",addr,Var);
fputs(buff,pFile);
addr++;
}
fputs("END;\n",pFile);
fclose (pFile);
}
bool generateLUTMIF(char *file)
{
FILE * pFile;
pFile = fopen (file,"w");
if (pFile==NULL)
{
printf("Unable to Open file to write \n");
return 0;
}
char buff[40];
fputs("WIDTH = 24;\n",pFile);
fputs("DEPTH = 256;\n",pFile);
fputs("ADDRESS_RADIX = HEX;\n",pFile);
fputs("DATA_RADIX = HEX;\n",pFile);
fputs("CONTENT BEGIN\n",pFile);
long ind=0;
long addr=0;
for (ind=0;ind<256; ind++)
{
unsigned char C=ind;
unsigned char R=C >> 5;
R = R* 255/7;
unsigned char G= (C >> 2)&0x07;
G= G* 255/7;
unsigned char B=C & 0x3;
B=B*255/3;
sprintf(buff,"%X : %02X%02X%02X ;\n",ind,R,G,B);
fputs(buff,pFile);
addr++;
}
fputs("END;\n",pFile);
fclose (pFile);
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
printf("Reading Image... \n");
BITMAPINFOHEADER bitmapInfoHeader;
unsigned char *bitmapData;
bitmapData = LoadBitmapFile("d:\\back_24.bmp",&bitmapInfoHeader);
long tSize= bitmapInfoHeader.biHeight *bitmapInfoHeader.biWidth * 3 ;//24 bps
generateMIF(bitmapData,tSize,"D:\\backMIF.txt");
generateLUTMIF("D:\\lutMIF.mif");
printf("Done !");
return 0;
}
答
尝试使用Matlab。它会变得如此简单。 如果你使用c，你应该定义一些结构，尝试跳转图片的标题。那是毫无意义的。但是如果你使用Matlab，你只需打开图片并获取数据！ 这是我的MATLAB代码，希望能帮助你：
%mcode to create a mif file
src = imread('lena.jpg');
gray = rgb2gray(src);
[m,n] = size(gray); %size od your picture
N = m*n; %your ram or rom depth。
word_len = 8;
data = reshape(gray, 1, N);% reshape you picture's data
fid=fopen('gray_image.mif', 'w'); % open mif file
fprintf(fid, 'DEPTH=%d;\n', N);
fprintf(fid, 'WIDTH=%d;\n', word_len);
fprintf(fid, 'ADDRESS_RADIX = UNS;\n');
fprintf(fid, 'DATA_RADIX = HEX;\n');
fprintf(fid, 'CONTENT\t');
fprintf(fid, 'BEGIN\n');
for i = 0 : N-1
fprintf(fid, '\t%d\t:\t%x;\n',i, data(i+1));
end
fprintf(fid, 'END;\n'); % prinf the end
fclose(fid); % close your file
答
我在有关配置Altera FPGA中的监视项目的工作，所以我需要一个MIF文件生成器。我看到网上没有很多，有些甚至没有编译。
所以我决定写我自己的Java，它的工作原理和处理几乎所有可能的错误。然而，该工具将首先将图像转换为灰度，然后才会创建MIF文件。
您可以在我的页面上找到我的工具GitHub。
非常感谢！但是，我对matlab不熟悉，请介绍一下如何编译代码并添加图片？感谢一群朋友！ – dou2abou
@ dou2abou如果你使用Matlab，你不需要编译代码。只需在matlab中打开代码，然后将您的图片放入代码所在的路径中。并点击“运行”按钮。当然你会改变文件名。 –