Python：成功安装模块，但无法通过导入获得

Question

我正在使用Jupyter Notebook，我想导入名为bluepyopt的外部工具箱。由于它目前只在Python 2.7中运行，因此我按照here的描述设置了一个Python 2.7内核。所以我可以在Jupyter Notebook中将内核更改为python 2。 如果我想导入使用

import bluepyopt as bpop 

我得到的错误

ModuleNotFoundError      Traceback (most recent call last) 
<ipython-input-1-83e46e18aae9> in <module>() 
     3 
     4 # to create electrical cell models 
----> 5 import bluepyopt as bpop 
     6 import bluepyopt.ephys as ephys 
     7 

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bluepyopt' 

我安装bluepyopt我通常

!pip install bluepyopt 

安装模块的方式，模块这也给了我一个不寻常的超级loooooong输出。我不知道这里重要的是什么，所以我会把它全部公布一下。这只发生在python 2.7中，但在python 3中一切正常！任何想法为什么它是这样的？

Collecting bluepyopt 
Collecting efel>=2.11 (from bluepyopt) 
    Using cached efel-2.12.11.tar.gz 
Collecting ipyparallel (from bluepyopt) 
    Using cached ipyparallel-6.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Requirement already satisfied: Jinja2>=2.8 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: pickleshare>=0.7.3 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.6 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from bluepyopt) 
Collecting scoop>=0.7 (from bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: pandas>=0.18 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from bluepyopt) 
Collecting future (from bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: deap in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from efel>=2.11->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: ipython>=4 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: ipykernel in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.1 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: pyzmq>=13 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: tornado>=4 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: ipython-genutils in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: jupyter-client in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: decorator in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ipyparallel->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Jinja2>=2.8->bluepyopt) 
Requirement already satisfied: greenlet>=0.3.4 in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from scoop>=0.7->bluepyopt) 
Collecting argparse>=1.1 (from scoop>=0.7->bluepyopt) 
    Using cached argparse-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2011k in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pandas>=0.18->bluepyopt) 
Building wheels for collected packages: efel 
    Running setup.py bdist_wheel for efel: started 
    Running setup.py bdist_wheel for efel: finished with status 'error' 
    Complete output from command C:\Users\Alex\Anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\Alex\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-cygqwlch\\efel\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d C:\Users\Alex\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp5k5lqwx6pip-wheel- --python-tag cp36: 
    running bdist_wheel 
    running build 
    running build_py 
    creating build 
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6 
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\api.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\io.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\settings.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\_version.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\DependencyV5.txt -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\Utils.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV1.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV2.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV3.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV4.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV5.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\FillFptrTable.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\DependencyTree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\efel.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\cfeature.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\Global.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\mapoperations.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\types.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\eFELLogger.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    UPDATING build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel/_version.py 
    set build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel/_version.py to '2.12.11' 
    running build_ext 
    building 'efel.cppcore' extension 
    error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools 

    ---------------------------------------- 
    Running setup.py clean for efel 
Failed to build efel 
Installing collected packages: efel, ipyparallel, argparse, scoop, future, bluepyopt 
    Running setup.py install for efel: started 
    Running setup.py install for efel: finished with status 'error' 
    Complete output from command C:\Users\Alex\Anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\Alex\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-cygqwlch\\efel\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\Alex\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-n69ud86n-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile: 
    running install 
    running build 
    running build_py 
    creating build 
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6 
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\api.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\io.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\settings.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\_version.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    copying efel\DependencyV5.txt -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel 
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\Utils.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV1.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV2.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV3.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV4.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\LibV5.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\FillFptrTable.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\DependencyTree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\efel.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\cfeature.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\Global.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\mapoperations.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\types.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    copying efel\cppcore\eFELLogger.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel\cppcore 
    UPDATING build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel/_version.py 
    set build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\efel/_version.py to '2.12.11' 
    running build_ext 
    building 'efel.cppcore' extension 
    error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools 

    ---------------------------------------- 
    Failed building wheel for efel 
Command "C:\Users\Alex\Anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\Alex\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-cygqwlch\\efel\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\Alex\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-n69ud86n-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\Alex\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-cygqwlch\efel\ 
Requirement already satisfied: NEURON in c:\users\alex\anaconda3\lib\site-packages 

在Jupyter笔记本使用Python 2内核时，有些更可能有用的信息：

In [1]: 
import sys 
sys.executable 

Out [1]: 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\python.exe' #kernel python 2.7 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\python.exe' #kernel python 3 

In [2]: 
from jupyter_core.paths import jupyter_data_dir 
print(jupyter_data_dir()) 

Out[2]: 
C:\Users\Alex\AppData\Roaming\jupyter 

In[3]: 
sys.path 

Out[3]: 
['', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\python27.zip', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\DLLs', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\lib', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\lib\\plat-win', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\lib\\lib-tk', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\lib\\site-packages', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\Anaconda3\\envs\\ipykernel_py2\\lib\\site-packages\\IPython\\extensions', 
'C:\\Users\\Alex\\.ipython'] 

In[4]: 
!jupyter kernelspec list 

Out[4]: 
Available kernels: 
    python3 C:\Users\Alex\Anaconda3\share\jupyter\kernels\python3 
    python2 C:\ProgramData\jupyter\kernels\python2 

Answer 1

我所看到的模块安装不正确，并为Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0给人的依赖。

尝试安装Microsoft的Visual C++从这个链接构建工具http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools

然后尝试使用PIP再次

pip install bluepyopt