Ubuntu软件包安装+安装桌面软件
教学视频总结:
在虚拟机上运行Ubuntu,(输入用户名,密码)在根目录下运行;
输入cd /etc
输入cd apt
ls命令 可以查看有哪些文件(sources.list文件为软件源的列表目录)
cat sources.list命令 查看文件内容
由于文件中多为国外地址,为避免访问出错,将其改为国内镜像。本文多次试验采用阿里云!!
1.首先将sources.list进行备份,输入命令sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak (之后可输入cat查询)
2.然后删除sources.list内容,由于sources.list是root权限,切换到root下(输入su root),输入echo '' > sources.list
<注意>:切换root时遇到Authentication failure 错误,百度解决办法:
- $ sudo passwd root
- Enter new UNIX password:
- Retype new UNIX password:
- passwd: password updated successfully
3.在根目录下写入sources.list文件。指令:nano sources.list 。ctrl+o保存文件 ctrl+x退出编辑
- deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
- deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
- deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
4.切换回ubuntu目录下,更新软件源,升级
su ubuntu
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
安装桌面软件:
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
重启系统
sudo reboot
安装增强工具:
1.拷贝虚拟机->重新安装->VM...gz到Ubuntu界面,并解压
2.打开终端(term)
3.电源->关机->编辑虚拟机设置