Nginx的访问控制_access_module配置语法和原理

1、http_access_module详解

（1）http_access_module作用

--with-http_access_module：基于IP的访问控制

官网解释：

The ngx_http_access_module module allows limiting access to certain client addresses.

Access can also be limited by password, by the result of subrequest, or by JWT. Simultaneous limitation of access by address and by password is controlled by the satisfy directive.

（2）举例

allow和deny需要配合使用

location / {

    deny  192.168.1.1;

    allow 192.168.1.0/24;

    allow 10.1.1.0/16;

    allow 2001:0db8::/32;

    deny  all;

参数解释：

The rules are checked in sequence until the first match is found. In this example, access is allowed only for IPv4 networks 10.1.1.0/16 and 192.168.1.0/24 excluding the address 192.168.1.1, and for IPv6 network 2001:0db8::/32. In case of a lot of rules, the use of the ngx_http_geo_module module variables is preferable.

2、access语法

（1）allow语法

Syntax:	allow address \| CIDR \| unix: \| all;
Default:	—
Context:	http,server,location,limit_except

语法解释：

allow address | CIDR | unix: | all;

address：ip地址

CIDR：ip网段。即CIDR表示方法：IP地址/网络ID的位数，比如192.168.23.35/21，其中用21位表示网络ID。

unix：sockets

all：所有

Allows access for the specified network or address. If the special value unix: is specified (1.5.1), allows access for all UNIX-domain sockets.

（2）deny语法