pygame - 观察者模式错误

Question

我在使用游戏中的观察者模式进行测试。不过，我遇到了一些问题。我的代码以及错误在下面，有人可以帮忙吗？

错误：

File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\untitled\Level.py", line 112, in update 
    w.update() 
    File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\untitled\Entity.py", line 13, in update 
    self.notifyObservers() 
    File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\untitled\Observable.py", line 15, in notifyObservers 
    observer.update(self) 
TypeError: unbound method update() must be called with Player instance as first argument (got WorldController instance instead) 

级文件：

self.world = [WorldController()] 
for w in self.world: 
      w.update() 

实体文件：

class WorldController(Observable): 
    def __init__(self): 
     super(Observable, self).__init__() 
     self._observers = [] 

    def update(self): 
     self.addObserver(Player) 
     self.notifyObservers() 

class Entity(Observer, pygame.sprite.Sprite): 
    def __init__(self): 
     pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) 

class Player(Entity, Observer): 
    def __init__(self, x, y): 
     super(Observer, self).__init__() 
     Entity.__init__(self) 
    def update(self, observable): 
     print "works!" 

观察到的文件：

class Observable(object): 
    def __init__(self, **kwds): 
     super(Observable, self).__init__(**kwds) 
     self._observers = [] 
    def addObserver(self, observer): 
     if not observer in self._observers: 
      self._observers.append(observer) 
    def removeObserver(self, observer): 
     try: 
      self._observers.remove(observer) 
     except ValueError: 
      pass 
    def notifyObservers(self): 
     for observer in self._observers: 
      observer.update(self) 

class Observer(object): 
    def __init__(self, **kwds): 
     super(Observer, self).__init__(**kwds) 
    def update(self, observable): 
     pass 

Answer 1

class WorldController(Observable): 
    def __init__(self): 
     super(Observable, self).__init__() 
     self._observers = [] 

    def update(self): 
     self.addObserver(Player) 
     self.notifyObservers() 

应该是：

class WorldController(Observable): 
    def __init__(self): 
     super(Observable, self).__init__() 
     self._observers = [] 

    def update(self): 
     self.addObserver(Player()) 
     self.notifyObservers() 

否则，当你调用Player.update（个体经营）要调用静态方法，而不是对球员

类实例方法