用另一个文件中指定的值替换字段

Question

我有一个包含单词之间映射的文件。我必须引用该文件，并用某些文件中的映射文字替换这些文字。例如，下面的文件具有被映射像

1.12.2.4    1 
1.12.2.7    12 
1.12.2.2    5 
1.12.2.4    4 
1.12.2.6    67 
1.12.2.12    5 

我将有一个具有这些关键词（1.12.2。*）许多文件的话表。我想要搜索这些关键词，并用来自此文件的相应映射替换这些词。如何在shell中执行此操作。假设一个文件包含以下行说

The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg. 

执行脚本后，将编号“1.12.2.12”和“1.12.2.4”应该由5和4（从主文件称为）来代替。谁能帮我吗？

Answer 1

既然你还没有提供任何例子，我想这是你想要什么：

输入文件

> cat temp 
1.12.2.4 1 
1.12.2.7 12 
1.12.2.2 5 
1.12.2.4 4 
1.12.2.6 67 
1.12.2.12 5 

文件被relaced

> cat temp2 
The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg. 

输出

> temp.pl 
The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 4. He is from Psg 

> 

下面是perl脚本。

#!/usr/bin/perl 

use strict; 
use warnings; 

my %hsh=(); 

open (MYFILE, 'temp'); 
open (MYFILE2, 'temp2'); 

while (<MYFILE>) { 
[email protected] = split/\s+/; 
$hsh{$arr[0]} = $arr[1]; 
} 
my $flag; 
while(<MYFILE2>) 
{ 
$flag=0; 
my $line=$_; 
foreach my $key (keys %hsh) 
{ 
    if($line=~/$key/) 
    { 
    $flag=1; 
    $line=~s/$key/$hsh{$key}/g; 
    print $line; 
    } 
} 
    if($flag!=1) 
    { 
    print $line; 
    $flag=0; 
    } 
} 
close(MYFILE); 
close(MYFILE2); 

Answer 2

一个使用GNU awk方式：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt 

结果：

The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 4. He is from Psg. 

要保存输出到文件：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt > name_of_your_output_file.txt 

说明：

FNR==NR { ... } # FNR is the current record number, NR is the record number 
        # so FNR==NR simply means: "while we process the first file listed 
        # in this case it's "master.txt" 
array[$1]=$2  # add column 1 to an array with a value of column 2 
next    # go onto the next record 

{     # this could be written as: FNR!=NR 
        # so this means "while we process the second file listed..." 
for (i in array) # means "for every element/key in the array..." 
gsub(i, array[i]) # perform a global substitution on each line replacing the key 
        # with it's value if found 
}1    # this is shorthand for 'print' 

添加单词边界使匹配更为严格：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub("\\<"i"\\>", array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt 

Answer 3

你可以有sed为你写的一sed脚本：

的映射：

cat <<EOF> mappings 
1.12.2.4    1 
1.12.2.7    12 
1.12.2.2    5 
1.12.2.4    4 
1.12.2.6    67 
1.12.2.12    5 
EOF 

输入文件：

cat <<EOF> infile 
The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg. 
EOF 

基于映射（GNU SED）的脚本：

sed -r -e 's:([^ ]*) +(.*):s/\\b\1\\b/\2/g:' mappings 

输出：

s/\b1.12.2.4\b/1/g 
s/\b1.12.2.7\b/12/g 
s/\b1.12.2.2\b/5/g 
s/\b1.12.2.4\b/4/g 
s/\b1.12.2.6\b/67/g 
s/\b1.12.2.12\b/5/g 

评估与另一sed（GNU SED）：

sed -r -e 's:([^ ]*) +(.*):s/\\b\1\\b/\2/g:' mappings | sed -f - infile 

输出：

The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1. He is from Psg. 

注意，映射为正则表达式，例如处理过的点（.）可以表示任何字符，并且可能需要在映射文件中或在生成sed脚本时转义。